方法对比

	Inequality-adjusted HDI	Capability Approach Measurement
领域	Development Studies	Development Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2010	1999
提出者	Sabina Alkire & James Foster; UNDP Human Development Report Office	Amartya Sen; Martha Nussbaum
类型	Distribution-sensitive composite development index	Normative framework for evaluating well-being and development
开创性文献	Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2010). Designing the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). OPHI Working Paper 37 / Human Development Research Paper 2010/28. UNDP Human Development Report Office, New York.	Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN: 9780385720274
别名	IHDI, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, Atkinson-adjusted HDI, Distribution-sensitive HDI	Capability Approach, Sen's Capability Approach, Functionings and Capabilities Measurement, Human Capability Framework
相关	4	4
摘要	The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) extends the Human Development Index by accounting for how achievements in health, education, and income are distributed across a population, not just their averages. Designed by Sabina Alkire and James Foster for the UNDP and introduced in the 2010 Human Development Report, it discounts each HDI dimension by the inequality observed within it, using an Atkinson-class inequality measure. When there is no inequality the IHDI equals the HDI; as inequality rises the IHDI falls below it, and the percentage gap — the 'loss' — measures how much human development is eroded by being unequally shared.	The capability approach, developed by Amartya Sen and given a concrete list-based form by Martha Nussbaum, evaluates individual well-being and social arrangements in the space of capabilities — the real freedoms people have to achieve the kinds of lives they have reason to value — rather than in the space of income, resources, or subjective utility. Measurement under the approach means identifying valued functionings, the resources and conversion factors that turn resources into functionings, and the freedom people enjoy to choose among them.