方法对比

	Indirect Standardization	Direct Standardization
领域	人口学	人口学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	2001
提出者	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)
类型	Rate adjustment using a standard schedule of group-specific rates	Rate adjustment by reweighting to a standard population
开创性文献	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512
别名	Indirect method of standardization, Standardized mortality ratio, SMR method, Dolaylı Standardizasyon	Directly standardized rate, Age-standardized rate, Direct method of standardization, Doğrudan Standardizasyon
相关	4	4
摘要	Indirect standardization is a demographic technique for comparing summary rates when a study population's own group-specific rates are too sparse to be reliable. Instead of reweighting the study population's rates, it applies a trusted standard schedule of group-specific rates to the study population's own structure to compute the number of events that would be expected. The ratio of observed to expected events — the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) — measures how the study population's risk compares with the standard, adjusted for its composition.	Direct standardization is a demographic technique that makes summary rates comparable across populations by applying each population's group-specific rates — most often age-specific death or disease rates — to a single, common standard population structure. The resulting directly standardized rate answers a counterfactual question: what would the crude rate be if every population had the same age (or other) composition? It removes the confounding effect of differing population structure so that genuine differences in underlying risk can be compared on a level footing.