方法对比
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| 深度访谈× | 调查× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 质性 | 调查方法论 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Mid-20th century (formalised in qualitative social research from the 1950s onward) | Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s |
| 提出者≠ | Rooted in sociological interviewing traditions; systematised by researchers including Steinar Kvale and Herbert J. Rubin | Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s |
| 类型≠ | Qualitative research method | Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument |
| 开创性文献≠ | Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803958203 | Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149 |
| 别名 | IDI, semi-structured interview, unstructured interview, qualitative interview | questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study |
| 相关 | 6 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | The in-depth interview is a one-to-one qualitative data-collection method in which a researcher engages a participant in an extended, open-ended conversation to elicit rich, detailed accounts of experiences, perceptions, beliefs, or meanings. Unlike structured surveys, the interview guide serves as a flexible road map rather than a fixed script, allowing the researcher to probe unexpected directions as they emerge. The approach is foundational to qualitative inquiry and is used directly as a primary method or as the data-collection arm of phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and other frameworks. | A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. |
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