方法对比

	深度访谈	焦点小组研究
领域	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Mid-20th century (formalised in qualitative social research from the 1950s onward)	1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s
提出者	Rooted in sociological interviewing traditions; systematised by researchers including Steinar Kvale and Herbert J. Rubin	Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative data collection method
开创性文献	Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803958203	Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244
别名	IDI, semi-structured interview, unstructured interview, qualitative interview	focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması
相关	6	6
摘要	The in-depth interview is a one-to-one qualitative data-collection method in which a researcher engages a participant in an extended, open-ended conversation to elicit rich, detailed accounts of experiences, perceptions, beliefs, or meanings. Unlike structured surveys, the interview guide serves as a flexible road map rather than a fixed script, allowing the researcher to probe unexpected directions as they emerge. The approach is foundational to qualitative inquiry and is used directly as a primary method or as the data-collection arm of phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and other frameworks.	Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting.