方法对比

	ICF Linking Rules	Model Disability Survey
领域	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2005	2022
提出者	Alarcos Cieza and colleagues (ICF Research Branch)	World Health Organization and World Bank (Model Disability Survey collaboration)
类型	Content-analysis pipeline for mapping items to a reference classification	General-population survey operationalizing the ICF biopsychosocial model of functioning
开创性文献	Cieza, A., Geyh, S., Chatterji, S., Kostanjsek, N., Üstün, B., & Stucki, G. (2005). ICF linking rules: an update based on lessons learned. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 37(4), 212-218.	Sabariego, C., Fellinghauer, C., Lee, L., et al. (2022). Generating comprehensive functioning and disability data worldwide: development process, data analyses strategy and reliability of the WHO and World Bank Model Disability Survey. Archives of Public Health, 80, 6.
别名	ICF Content Comparison, Instrument-to-ICF Linking, ICF Mapping Rules	MDS, WHO Model Disability Survey, Metric Disability Continuum Survey, ICF-Based Functioning Survey
相关	3	3
摘要	The ICF linking rules are a standardized procedure, introduced by Alarcos Cieza and colleagues at the ICF Research Branch and refined over subsequent years, for mapping the content of health and functioning instruments onto the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. By extracting the meaningful concepts contained in each item and assigning them to the most precise matching ICF category, the rules make it possible to compare what different questionnaires actually measure, to express scores in a common functioning language, and to detect content that the ICF does not cover, such as personal factors. They are the bridge between the world's many disability instruments and the single ICF reference framework.	The Model Disability Survey is a general-population survey developed jointly by the World Health Organization and the World Bank to generate comprehensive, internationally comparable data on functioning and disability. Unlike instruments that classify people as disabled or not, it operationalizes the biopsychosocial model of the WHO ICF, treating disability as the outcome of an interaction between a person's intrinsic capacity and the environment in which they live. The survey collects detailed self-reported information on how much difficulty people have across many domains of functioning, distinguishing what a person can do in a standardized environment (capacity) from what they actually do in their own environment (performance), and it separately measures environmental barriers and facilitators. As documented by Sabariego and colleagues in 2022, these responses are combined using a Rasch measurement model into a single metric scale, so that disability is represented as a continuum running across the whole population rather than as a yes/no category. The result is a graded picture of functioning suited to prevalence estimation, equity analysis, and policy on a comparable metric.