方法对比

	混合失效模式与影响分析	故障树分析 (FTA)
领域	实验设计	可靠性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1995 onward (classical FMEA: 1949)	1981
提出者	Hybrid variants pioneered by J. B. Bowles & C. E. Pelaez (fuzzy FMEA, 1995); subsequent integrations with AHP, TOPSIS, and grey theory by multiple researchers	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
类型	Reliability and risk analysis technique	Deductive top-down failure analysis
开创性文献	Liu, H.-C., Liu, L., & Liu, N. (2013). Risk evaluation approaches in failure mode and effects analysis: A literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(2), 828–838.	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
别名	Hybrid FMEA, Fuzzy FMEA, Integrated FMEA, Enhanced FMEA	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
相关	2	3
摘要	Hybrid Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (Hybrid FMEA) extends classical FMEA by integrating it with multi-criteria decision methods — such as fuzzy logic, AHP, TOPSIS, or grey theory — to overcome the well-documented limitations of the traditional Risk Priority Number. The hybrid approach enables more nuanced, weighted, and uncertainty-aware prioritization of failure risks in engineering systems, manufacturing processes, and complex sociotechnical environments.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.