方法对比

	Anthropological Household Survey	Participatory Mapping
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2017	1994
提出者	Survey-research tradition adapted to community fieldwork (Bernard)	Participatory rural appraisal tradition (Chambers)
类型	Structured survey design taking the household as the unit of analysis	Participatory method in which community members produce maps of their own space
开创性文献	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421	Chambers, R. (1994). The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22(7), 953–969.
别名	Household Census, Community Household Survey, Household Economic Survey, Household Roster Survey	Community Mapping, Participatory GIS, PGIS, Counter-Mapping
相关	4	4
摘要	An anthropological household survey is a structured or semi-structured, census-style instrument administered to the households of a community to record their composition, economy, and assets in a standardized form. Taking the household rather than the individual as the unit of analysis, it captures who lives together, how they are related, what they own and produce, and how they make a living. Whether applied as a full census of every household or to a representative sample, it turns the texture of community life into comparable, aggregable data that complement participant observation.	Participatory mapping is a family of methods in which community members themselves create maps of their territory, resources, land use, and boundaries — sketched on the ground or paper, drawn to scale, or built in a geographic information system. Rather than the researcher mapping the community from outside, local people hold the pen, so the map encodes their own spatial knowledge, categories, and claims. The products range from rough sketch maps made in an afternoon to participatory GIS (PGIS) layers that can stand in formal land negotiations.