方法对比

	异质性处理效应边际结构模型 (HTE-MSM)	双重稳健估计（AIPW）
领域	因果推断	因果推断
方法族	Regression model	Regression model
起源年份	2000–2010s	2005
提出者	Robins, Hernan & Brumback (foundational MSM framework, 2000); heterogeneous-effect extensions developed throughout 2000s–2010s	Robins & Rotnitzky; Bang & Robins
类型	Causal inference / weighted regression with effect modification	Semiparametric causal estimator
开创性文献	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Robins, J. M. & Rotnitzky, A. (1995). Semiparametric Efficiency in Multivariate Regression Models with Missing Data. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429), 122-129.
别名	HTE-MSM, heterogeneous MSM, subgroup MSM, effect-modified marginal structural model	AIPW, augmented inverse probability weighting, doubly robust estimator, Çift Gürbüz Kestirici (Augmented IPW / AIPW)
相关	5	5
摘要	The Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Marginal Structural Model extends the classic MSM framework of Robins, Hernan, and Brumback to estimate how treatment effects vary across subgroups or individual-level moderators. By weighting observations with inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) and interacting the treatment with effect modifiers in the weighted outcome model, the approach produces subgroup-specific or continuous causal effect estimates from observational data.	Doubly Robust Estimation, also called Augmented Inverse Probability Weighting (AIPW), is a semiparametric method for estimating causal treatment effects that combines an outcome regression model with a propensity (treatment) model. Developed in the work of Robins & Rotnitzky (1995) and Bang & Robins (2005), it stays consistent as long as at least one of the two models is correctly specified.