方法对比
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| Hardy Cross 方法× | MODFLOW 地下水模拟× | Terzaghi 固结× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 土木工程 | 土木工程 | 土木工程 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1936 | 1984 (original release); continuously updated through MODFLOW-6 (2017) | 1943 |
| 提出者≠ | Hardy Cross | Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh (U.S. Geological Survey) | Karl Terzaghi |
| 类型≠ | Iterative method for pipe network flow distribution | Numerical groundwater flow simulation | Diffusion equation for pore pressure dissipation and soil settlement |
| 开创性文献≠ | Cross, H. (1936). Analysis of flow in networks of conduits or conductors. University of Illinois Bulletin, 34(17), 3-29. link ↗ | Harbaugh, A. W. (2005). MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model — the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16. link ↗ | Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0-471-85305-1 |
| 别名≠ | Cross method, Moment distribution method, Iterative balancing | MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-6, modular groundwater flow model, USGS groundwater model | Primary consolidation, Soil settlement, Effective stress |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | The Hardy Cross method is an iterative technique for solving steady-state flow distribution in pipe networks, originally developed for water distribution systems. Introduced by Hardy Cross in 1936, this method balances flow continuity and pressure head constraints through successive iterations, making it ideal for hand calculations and gaining physical insight into network behavior. | MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey's open-source, modular finite-difference model for simulating three-dimensional groundwater flow through porous media. First released in 1984 and continuously updated — most recently as MODFLOW-6 — it is the global standard for quantitative hydrogeological analysis, widely used in civil engineering, environmental consulting, water-resource management, and groundwater contamination studies. | Terzaghi consolidation theory describes how water-saturated clay soils compress over time as excess pore water pressure dissipates and effective stress increases. Formulated by Karl Terzaghi in 1943, this foundational theory enables prediction of settlement rates for foundations on compressible soils, a critical design concern in geotechnical engineering. |
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