方法对比

	Guttman量表	李克特量表构建
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1944	1932
提出者	Louis Guttman	Rensis Likert
类型	Cumulative unidimensional scaling methodology	Summated rating scale methodology
开创性文献	Guttman, L. (1944). A basis for scaling qualitative data. American Sociological Review, 9(2), 139-150.	Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1-55.
别名	Cumulative scale, Scalogram analysis, Guttman scaling, Unidimensional cumulative scale	Likert summated rating scale, Summated rating scale construction
相关	4	5
摘要	Guttman scaling is a methodology for constructing unidimensional scales with a cumulative property, developed by Louis Guttman in 1944. The method assumes that items form a perfect or near-perfect hierarchy: if a respondent endorses a harder item, they must endorse all easier items below it. This creates a reproducible scale structure useful for measuring constructs with ordinal properties such as difficulty, intensity, or severity.	Likert scale construction is a systematic methodology for developing attitude measurement instruments using summated rating scales. Introduced by Rensis Likert in 1932, it enables researchers to quantify latent constructs such as attitudes, beliefs, and psychological states by aggregating responses across multiple items. The method remains foundational to quantitative social and health sciences research.