方法对比

	门控循环单元 (GRU)	注意力机制	双向循环神经网络	序列到序列模型
领域	深度学习	深度学习	深度学习	深度学习
方法族	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
起源年份	2014	2015	1997	2014
提出者	Cho, K. et al.	Bahdanau, D.; Luong, M.T.	Schuster, M. & Paliwal, K.K.	Sutskever, I.; Cho, K.
类型	Gated recurrent neural network unit	Neural attention layer (encoder-decoder)	Recurrent neural network (sequence model)	Encoder-decoder neural network (deep learning)
开创性文献	Cho, K. et al. (2014). Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation. EMNLP.	Bahdanau, D., Cho, K. & Bengio, Y. (2015). Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate. ICLR.	Schuster, M. & Paliwal, K.K. (1997). Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 45(11), 2673–2681.	Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O. & Le, Q. V. (2014). Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks. NeurIPS.
别名	Kapılı Tekrarlayan Birim (GRU), gated recurrent unit, gated recurrent network	Dikkat Mekanizması (Bahdanau / Luong Attention), dikkat mekanizmasi, neural attention, additive attention	Çift Yönlü RNN / BiLSTM / BiGRU, bidirectional recurrent neural network, BiLSTM, BiGRU	Dizi-Dizi Modeli (Seq2Seq — Encoder-Decoder), encoder-decoder model, seq2seq, sequence to sequence learning
相关	5	5	5	5
摘要	The Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is a gated recurrent neural network cell introduced by Cho and colleagues in 2014 that captures long-range dependencies in sequential data using update and reset gates, achieving performance comparable to LSTM with fewer parameters.	The attention mechanism, introduced by Bahdanau, Cho and Bengio in 2015 and refined by Luong, Pham and Manning the same year, lets a sequence decoder dynamically learn which of the encoder's outputs to focus on at each step. Before the Transformer, it substantially improved machine-translation quality by freeing models from compressing an entire input into a single fixed vector.	A Bidirectional RNN, introduced by Schuster and Paliwal in 1997, processes a sequence in both forward and backward directions so that every position has access to its full surrounding context. With LSTM or GRU cells (BiLSTM/BiGRU) it is the standard approach for named-entity recognition, sequence labelling, and speech recognition.	The sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) model, introduced by Sutskever, Vinyals and Le and by Cho and colleagues in 2014, is an encoder-decoder neural network that maps a variable-length input sequence to a variable-length output sequence. It is the foundation of machine translation, text summarization, dialogue systems and code generation.