方法对比

	Group Identity Measurement	国家认同量表
领域	政治心理学	政治心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2008	1989
提出者	Colin Wayne Leach et al.	Richard Kosterman & Seymour Feshbach
类型	Self-report identity scale	Self-report
开创性文献	Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144-165.	Kosterman, R., & Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257-274.
别名	Group Identification Scale, Ingroup Identification Measure, Identity Centrality Scale	NIS, National Attachment Scale, Patriotism Scale
相关	4	3
摘要	Group identity measurement assesses the strength and structure of a person's psychological identification with a social group, such as a party, nation, ethnic group, or movement. The Leach et al. (2008) hierarchical multicomponent model is a leading approach, decomposing in-group identification into self-definition (individual self-stereotyping, in-group homogeneity) and self-investment (solidarity, satisfaction, centrality), measured by a validated 14-item scale.	The National Identity Scale measures the strength and character of individuals' identification with their nation, including attachment to national symbols, pride in national achievements, and sense of belonging to the national community. Developed by Kosterman and Feshbach (1989), it distinguishes patriotism (pride in national accomplishments, willingness to serve) from nationalism (belief in national superiority, willingness to act against outsiders). The measure has become essential in comparative politics, examining how national identity shapes political behavior, attitudes toward immigration, support for international cooperation, and electoral choices.