方法对比

	Government Formation Model	Spatial Voting Model
领域	Political Economy	Political Science
方法族	MCDM	MCDM
起源年份	1989	1957
提出者	David Baron & John Ferejohn; David Austen-Smith & Jeffrey Banks	Harold Hotelling, Duncan Black & Anthony Downs
类型	Non-cooperative bargaining model of government formation	Formal model of electoral and legislative choice
开创性文献	Baron, D. P., & Ferejohn, J. A. (1989). Bargaining in Legislatures. American Political Science Review, 83(4), 1181-1206.	Downs, A. (1957). An Economic Theory of Democracy. Harper & Row. ISBN: 9780060417505
别名	Legislative Bargaining Model, Baron-Ferejohn Model, Formateur Model, Portfolio Allocation Model	Spatial Theory of Voting, Downsian Model, Proximity Voting Model, Median Voter Model
相关	4	4
摘要	The government formation model is a non-cooperative bargaining theory explaining how a cabinet and the division of its portfolios emerge when no party holds a majority. In the canonical Baron-Ferejohn (1989) framework, a head of state or chance mechanism recognizes one party as formateur with a probability often proportional to its seat share; the formateur proposes a government and an allocation of the spoils of office, and the proposal takes effect only if a legislative majority accepts. Austen-Smith and Banks (1988) embed this in an electoral and coalition setting. The model's signature result is a proposer (formateur) advantage: the party that gets to propose secures a disproportionate share of portfolios.	The spatial voting model represents voters and political alternatives as points in a common geometric policy space and assumes that each voter supports the alternative nearest to their own ideal point. Rooted in Hotelling's location theory, Duncan Black's 1948 single-peakedness result, and Anthony Downs's 1957 economic theory of democracy, the model yields two foundational results: the median voter theorem, which identifies the equilibrium policy in one dimension, and the Downsian prediction that two vote-seeking parties converge toward the center. It is the workhorse formalism behind modern empirical estimation of political positions.