方法对比

	Gini Coefficient	Lorenz Curve
领域	Sociology	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1912	1905
提出者	Corrado Gini	Max Otto Lorenz
类型	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality	Graphical representation of distributional inequality
开创性文献	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.	Lorenz, M. O. (1905). Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 9(70), 209–219.
别名	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G	Lorenz concentration curve, Lorenz diagram, cumulative share curve
相关	5	5
摘要	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.	The Lorenz curve is a graphical device that displays the full shape of inequality in a distribution by plotting the cumulative share of a quantity (such as income) held by the cumulative share of the population, ranked from poorest to richest. Introduced by Max Lorenz in 1905, it underlies the Gini coefficient and provides the basis for ranking distributions by inequality when one curve lies entirely above another.