方法对比

	Gini Coefficient	Atkinson Index
领域	Sociology	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1912	1970
提出者	Corrado Gini	Anthony Barnes Atkinson
类型	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality	Welfare-based, parameterized inequality index
开创性文献	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.	Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244–263.
别名	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G	Atkinson inequality measure, Atkinson's A, welfare-based inequality index
相关	5	5
摘要	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.	The Atkinson index is a welfare-based measure of inequality that incorporates an explicit, analyst-chosen parameter for how much society dislikes inequality. Introduced by Anthony Atkinson in 1970, it asks what fraction of total income could be discarded, under an equal distribution, while leaving social welfare unchanged — making the ethical judgement behind any inequality comparison transparent rather than hidden.