方法对比

	Gender Parity Index	Gender Inequality Index
领域	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2003	2010
提出者	UNESCO Institute for Statistics	UNDP Human Development Report Office (Gaye, Klugman et al.)
类型	Ratio-based parity indicator	Composite inequality index
开创性文献	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). Education Indicators: Technical Guidelines. UNESCO-UIS, Montreal.	Gaye, A., Klugman, J., Kovacevic, M., Twigg, S., & Zambrano, E. (2010). Measuring key disparities in human development: The Gender Inequality Index. Human Development Research Paper 2010/46. UNDP Human Development Report Office.
别名	GPI, Education Gender Parity Index, UNESCO Gender Parity Index	GII, UNDP Gender Inequality Index
相关	4	4
摘要	The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a simple, widely used indicator — standardised by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics — that expresses the value of an education statistic for females relative to males as a ratio. Most commonly applied to enrolment, completion, and literacy rates, a GPI of one signals parity, values below one indicate disparity favouring males, and values above one indicate disparity favouring females. It is the standard yardstick for monitoring gender parity in education, including in the Sustainable Development Goals.	The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the UNDP in the 2010 Human Development Report to capture the loss in potential human development due to inequality between women and men. It combines three dimensions — reproductive health, empowerment, and labour-market participation — into a single index ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (complete inequality), using an association-sensitive aggregation that penalises both gaps between the sexes and inequality across dimensions.