方法对比

	Gender Parity Index	Gender Development Index
领域	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2003	1995
提出者	UNESCO Institute for Statistics	UNDP Human Development Report Office
类型	Ratio-based parity indicator	Composite development index (ratio form)
开创性文献	UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2009). Education Indicators: Technical Guidelines. UNESCO-UIS, Montreal.	United Nations Development Programme (2014). Human Development Report 2014 — Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience (Technical Note on the Gender Development Index). UNDP.
别名	GPI, Education Gender Parity Index, UNESCO Gender Parity Index	GDI, Gender-related Development Index, UNDP Gender Development Index
相关	4	4
摘要	The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a simple, widely used indicator — standardised by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics — that expresses the value of an education statistic for females relative to males as a ratio. Most commonly applied to enrolment, completion, and literacy rates, a GPI of one signals parity, values below one indicate disparity favouring males, and values above one indicate disparity favouring females. It is the standard yardstick for monitoring gender parity in education, including in the Sustainable Development Goals.	The Gender Development Index (GDI) is a UNDP composite that measures gender gaps in human development by computing the Human Development Index separately for women and men and expressing the female value as a ratio of the male value. First introduced as the Gender-related Development Index in the 1995 Human Development Report and redesigned in 2014, it covers the same three dimensions as the HDI — a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living — and reports how far female human development falls short of, or exceeds, male human development.