方法对比

	Gender Inequality Index	Human Development Index
领域	Gender Studies	Development Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2010	1990
提出者	UNDP Human Development Report Office (Gaye, Klugman et al.)	Mahbub ul Haq & Amartya Sen; UNDP Human Development Report Office
类型	Composite inequality index	Composite human development index
开创性文献	Gaye, A., Klugman, J., Kovacevic, M., Twigg, S., & Zambrano, E. (2010). Measuring key disparities in human development: The Gender Inequality Index. Human Development Research Paper 2010/46. UNDP Human Development Report Office.	UNDP (2022). Human Development Report 2021-22, Technical Notes. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report Office, New York.
别名	GII, UNDP Gender Inequality Index	HDI, UNDP Human Development Index, Human Development Indicator, Composite Human Development Measure
相关	4	4
摘要	The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the UNDP in the 2010 Human Development Report to capture the loss in potential human development due to inequality between women and men. It combines three dimensions — reproductive health, empowerment, and labour-market participation — into a single index ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (complete inequality), using an association-sensitive aggregation that penalises both gaps between the sexes and inequality across dimensions.	The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite summary measure of average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Conceived by Mahbub ul Haq with Amartya Sen and first published in the UNDP Human Development Report of 1990, it was designed as a deliberate alternative to GNI per capita, asserting that people and their capabilities — not economic growth alone — are the ultimate criterion for assessing the development of a country. Each dimension is reduced to a normalized index between zero and one, and the three are combined by a geometric mean.