方法对比

	Gender Inequality Index	Gender Empowerment Measure
领域	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2010	1995
提出者	UNDP Human Development Report Office (Gaye, Klugman et al.)	UNDP Human Development Report Office
类型	Composite inequality index	Composite empowerment index
开创性文献	Gaye, A., Klugman, J., Kovacevic, M., Twigg, S., & Zambrano, E. (2010). Measuring key disparities in human development: The Gender Inequality Index. Human Development Research Paper 2010/46. UNDP Human Development Report Office.	United Nations Development Programme (1995). Human Development Report 1995 — Gender and Human Development. Oxford University Press / UNDP.
别名	GII, UNDP Gender Inequality Index	GEM, UNDP Gender Empowerment Measure
相关	4	4
摘要	The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is a composite measure introduced by the UNDP in the 2010 Human Development Report to capture the loss in potential human development due to inequality between women and men. It combines three dimensions — reproductive health, empowerment, and labour-market participation — into a single index ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (complete inequality), using an association-sensitive aggregation that penalises both gaps between the sexes and inequality across dimensions.	The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is a UNDP composite introduced in the 1995 Human Development Report to capture gender inequality in agency and opportunity rather than in basic capabilities. It combines women's and men's shares of parliamentary seats, of senior administrative and managerial as well as professional and technical positions, and their relative earned income, aggregating them into an index that emphasises participation in economic and political decision-making.