方法对比

	Gender Attitude Survey	Attitudes Toward Women Scale
领域	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1981	1972
提出者	Cross-national survey programmes (World Values Survey, ISSP, GSS)	Janet T. Spence and Robert Helmreich
类型	Population attitude survey	Self-report attitude scale
开创性文献	Inglehart, R., & Norris, P. (2003). Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 9780521529501	Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67.
别名	Gender Attitudes Survey, Gender-Role Attitudes Survey, Gender Equality Attitudes Module	AWS, Spence-Helmreich AWS
相关	4	4
摘要	Gender attitude surveys are population-based instruments that measure how a society views the roles, rights, and relations of women and men. Unlike clinical or laboratory scales, they are fielded to probability samples and embedded in large programmes such as the World Values Survey, the International Social Survey Programme, and the General Social Survey, using standardized items so that gender ideology can be estimated for whole populations and compared across countries and over decades.	The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS), developed by Janet Spence and Robert Helmreich in 1972, is a self-report Likert instrument that measures beliefs about the appropriate rights and roles of women in contemporary society. Respondents indicate their agreement with statements about vocational, educational, intellectual, marital, and social conduct expectations for women, yielding a single score that ranges from traditional and conservative to egalitarian and liberal.