方法对比

	概化理论（G-Theory）	评分者间信度（Cohen's κ 和 ICC）
领域	心理测量学	心理测量学
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	1963	1960 (kappa); 1979 (ICC)
提出者	Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues	Cohen (kappa, 1960); Shrout & Fleiss (ICC, 1979)
类型	ANOVA-based variance-component framework	Reliability / agreement analysis
开创性文献	Brennan, R. L. (2001). Generalizability Theory. Springer.	Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37–46.
别名	Generalizability Theory, G-Study / D-Study framework, Genellenebilirlik Kuramı (G-Kuramı)	inter-rater reliability, interrater agreement, rater agreement, Değerlendiriciler Arası Güvenilirlik (Cohen's κ, ICC)
相关	6	6
摘要	Generalizability Theory, developed by Lee J. Cronbach and colleagues in the 1960s and formalised by Brennan (2001), is an ANOVA-based framework that extends Classical Test Theory by decomposing observed score variance into multiple, separately identified sources of measurement error — such as raters, tasks, occasions, or items — rather than bundling all error into a single undifferentiated term.	Interrater reliability quantifies the degree to which two or more independent raters produce consistent scores when evaluating the same individuals or products. The family encompasses Cohen's kappa, introduced in 1960 for categorical judgments, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous ratings, together spanning most measurement scenarios encountered in behavioral, health, and educational research.