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| Friedman 检验× | 置换 (随机化) 检验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 统计学 | 统计学 |
| 方法族≠ | Hypothesis test | Regression model |
| 起源年份≠ | 1937 | 2005 |
| 提出者≠ | Milton Friedman | Good (2005); Edgington & Onghena (2007); resampling tradition |
| 类型≠ | Nonparametric repeated-measures comparison (by ranks) | Nonparametric resampling test |
| 开创性文献≠ | Friedman, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32(200), 675–701. DOI ↗ | Good, P. (2005). Permutation, Parametric and Bootstrap Tests of Hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387202792 |
| 别名≠ | Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks, Friedman rank test, Friedman Testi | randomization test, exact permutation test, re-randomization test, Permütasyon Testi |
| 相关≠ | 2 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The Friedman test is a nonparametric hypothesis test that compares three or more related conditions measured on the same blocks or subjects, serving as the rank-based alternative to repeated-measures ANOVA. It was introduced by Milton Friedman in 1937 and works on ordinal or continuous data without assuming normality. | The permutation test is a nonparametric resampling procedure that builds the sampling distribution of a test statistic directly from the data by repeatedly shuffling the group labels. Developed in the resampling tradition and treated systematically by Good (2005) and Edgington & Onghena (2007), it requires no parametric distributional assumption and yields an exact p-value. |
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