方法对比

	Fraboni Scale of Ageism	Successful Aging Operationalization
领域	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
方法族	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990	1997
提出者	Maryann Fraboni, Robert Saltstone & Susan Hughes	John W. Rowe and Robert L. Kahn (MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging)
类型	Self-report attitudinal scale of ageism toward older people	Operational framework for defining and classifying successful aging
开创性文献	Fraboni, M., Saltstone, R., & Hughes, S. (1990). The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA): An attempt at a more precise measure of ageism. Canadian Journal on Aging, 9(1), 56-66.	Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.
别名	FSA, Fraboni Ageism Scale, Scale of Ageism, Fraboni Saltstone Hughes Ageism Scale	Rowe-Kahn Successful Aging Model, Successful Aging Criteria, MacArthur Successful Aging Framework, Three-Component Successful Aging
相关	3	4
摘要	The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) is a self-report instrument designed to measure prejudice toward older people more precisely than earlier, largely cognitive ageism measures. Published by Maryann Fraboni, Robert Saltstone, and Susan Hughes in 1990, it was built on the premise that ageism, like other prejudices, has cognitive, affective, and behavioural components rather than being only a matter of inaccurate beliefs. The scale comprises 29 attitudinal statements answered on a Likert agreement format and organized into three factors drawn from Allport's analysis of prejudice: antilocution (stereotyping and negative talk), avoidance (the wish to keep social distance from older people), and discrimination (endorsement of differential, restrictive treatment). After reverse-scoring positively worded items, responses are summed so that higher totals indicate more ageist attitudes. By moving beyond a single stereotype dimension, the FSA captured the emotional and behavioural sides of ageism and became one of the most widely used measures of ageist attitudes in research and training.	The Rowe-Kahn model operationalizes successful aging as a positive, multidimensional state rather than the mere absence of decline. In their landmark 1997 Gerontologist paper, John Rowe and Robert Kahn argued that gerontology had overemphasized average or 'usual' aging and neglected those who age well, and they proposed a concrete three-part definition. An individual is aging successfully when they simultaneously meet three criteria: low probability of disease and disease-related disability, high cognitive and physical functional capacity, and active engagement with life through productive activity and interpersonal relationships. Crucially, the model treats these as a hierarchy that must be met jointly, so success is defined by the conjunction of all three components rather than excellence on any one. The framework drew on the MacArthur Foundation Research Network's longitudinal studies and reframed aging as something partly within individual and societal control. It became one of the most cited and most debated organizing frameworks in social gerontology, spawning both widespread application and vigorous critique. Its enduring contribution is a clear, testable template for what 'good' aging means and how to classify it.