方法对比

	福柯话语分析	话语分析	民族志	叙事分析
领域	质性	质性研究	质性	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1960s–1970s (The Order of Things 1966; The Archaeology of Knowledge 1969; Discipline and Punish 1975)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
提出者	Michel Foucault	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
类型	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative interpretive method
开创性文献	Foucault, M. (1972). The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Pantheon Books.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
别名	FDA, Foucauldian analysis, genealogical discourse analysis, archaeological discourse analysis	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
相关	6	2	5	6
摘要	Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language, texts, and social practices produce knowledge, construct subjects, and exercise power. Drawing on Michel Foucault's archaeological and genealogical frameworks, FDA investigates the historical and institutional conditions that make certain statements possible, acceptable, and 'true' while silencing others. It is widely applied in critical social science, health, education, and policy research to expose how dominant discourses shape what can be said, known, and done within a given social field.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.