方法对比

	Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Index	Poverty Dominance Analysis
领域	经济学	经济学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1984	1987
提出者	James Foster, Joel Greer & Erik Thorbecke	Anthony Atkinson (1987); James Foster & Anthony Shorrocks (1988)
类型	Parametric class of poverty measures	Robust distributional ordering
开创性文献	Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A class of decomposable poverty measures. Econometrica, 52(3), 761–766.	Atkinson, A. B. (1987). On the measurement of poverty. Econometrica, 55(4), 749–764.
别名	FGT Index, FGT Poverty Measures, P-alpha Poverty Index, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Poverty Measure	Stochastic Dominance Analysis, Poverty Orderings, TIP Curve Analysis, First- and Second-Order Poverty Dominance
相关	4	3
摘要	The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index is a parametric class of poverty measures introduced by James Foster, Joel Greer, and Erik Thorbecke in 1984 that became the workhorse of applied poverty analysis. A single parameter alpha tunes how much weight the measure places on the depth and distribution of poverty: alpha = 0 gives the headcount ratio (the share of people below the poverty line), alpha = 1 gives the poverty gap (the average normalized shortfall), and alpha = 2 gives poverty severity (which weights larger shortfalls more heavily). Its defining virtue is additive decomposability — total poverty is the population-weighted sum of subgroup poverty — which makes it ideal for profiling poverty across regions, sectors, and demographic groups.	Poverty dominance analysis asks whether one distribution has unambiguously less poverty than another for a whole class of poverty measures and a whole range of poverty lines, rather than for a single index and a single line. Building on Anthony Atkinson's 1987 stochastic-dominance treatment of poverty and the Foster-Shorrocks 1988 poverty-orderings results, it compares cumulative distribution functions (poverty incidence curves) and their successive integrals (poverty deficit and severity curves). When the curve for one distribution lies everywhere below another, that distribution has less poverty for every measure in a corresponding class and every line in the range — a robust conclusion immune to the index-and-line arbitrariness that bedevils single-number comparisons.