方法对比

	Flow State Scale-2	Sport Commitment Model
领域	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
方法族	Latent structure	Latent structure
起源年份	2002	1993
提出者	Susan A. Jackson & Robert C. Eklund	Tara Scanlan and colleagues
类型	Latent-structure measurement model of flow in physical activity	Latent-variable model of the determinants of sport commitment
开创性文献	Jackson, S. A., & Eklund, R. C. (2002). Assessing Flow in Physical Activity: The Flow State Scale-2 and Dispositional Flow Scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(2), 133-150.	Scanlan, T. K., Carpenter, P. J., Schmidt, G. W., Simons, J. P., & Keeler, B. (1993). An Introduction to the Sport Commitment Model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 1-15.
别名	FSS-2, Jackson & Eklund Flow Scale, Flow State Scale Revised, Dispositional Flow Scale-2	SCM, Scanlan Sport Commitment Model, Sport Commitment Questionnaire, Model of Commitment to Sport
相关	4	3
摘要	The Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2) is a 36-item self-report instrument developed by Susan Jackson and Robert Eklund (2002) to measure flow — the state of optimal experience and total absorption — as it occurs in a specific physical-activity episode. It operationalizes Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi's nine dimensions of flow: challenge-skill balance, action-awareness merging, clear goals, unambiguous feedback, total concentration on the task, a sense of control, loss of self-consciousness, transformation of time, and the autotelic (intrinsically rewarding) experience. The FSS-2 revised the original Flow State Scale by replacing problematic items, and confirmatory factor analyses across an item-identification and a cross-validation sample showed good fit for both a nine-factor and a higher-order model, with subscale reliabilities between roughly .80 and .92. A companion Dispositional Flow Scale-2 measures the same nine dimensions as a general tendency rather than a single episode.	The Sport Commitment Model explains why people keep participating in a sport by treating commitment as a psychological state -- the desire and resolve to continue -- that is produced by a small set of measurable determinants. Introduced by Tara Scanlan and colleagues in 1993, the model proposes that commitment rises with sport enjoyment, personal investments, involvement opportunities, and social constraints, and falls as attractive alternatives to involvement increase. Each determinant is a latent factor measured by self-report items, and commitment itself is a latent outcome predicted by their combination, making the model a structural account of motivation that can be tested with questionnaires and structural equation modelling. Because commitment in turn predicts persistence, the model links the psychology of why athletes stay engaged to the behavior of actually continuing to take part.