方法对比

	现场记录	日记法
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)
提出者	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)
类型	Qualitative data collection and recording technique	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique
开创性文献	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415
别名	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method
相关	6	5
摘要	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.