方法对比

	基于实地的典型案例抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Michael Quinn Patton; Miles & Huberman	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	field typical case sampling, in-person typical case sampling, fieldwork typical case selection, on-site typical case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Field-based typical case sampling is a purposive qualitative strategy in which the researcher selects and studies cases that represent the ordinary, average, or most common instance of a phenomenon — and conducts data collection through direct fieldwork such as in-person observation, site visits, and face-to-face interviews. The combination ensures that findings portray what the phenomenon looks like under real-world, everyday conditions rather than through self-reports or online proxies.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.