方法对比

	基于现场的分层抽样	系统抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1934 (Neyman's stratified sampling theory); field applications throughout 20th century	Mid-20th century (Cochran 1953; Kish 1965)
提出者	Jerzy Neyman (stratified sampling theory); applied broadly in field survey practice	William G. Cochran; formalized in survey sampling theory
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	field stratified sampling, stratified field survey sampling, in-field stratified sampling, field survey stratification	interval sampling, systematic random sampling, equal-interval sampling, fixed-interval sampling
相关	6	5
摘要	Field-based stratified sampling divides a geographically dispersed or heterogeneous target population into internally homogeneous subgroups (strata) defined by features observable in the field — such as land use type, habitat zone, administrative district, or community category — and then independently draws random samples from each stratum during on-site data collection. The approach combines the precision gains of stratification with the logistical realities of fieldwork, ensuring that every identifiable subgroup of the landscape or community is represented in the final data set.	Systematic sampling is a probability sampling technique in which every k-th element is selected from an ordered list of the population after a random starting point. With population size N and desired sample size n, the sampling interval k = N/n is computed and one unit is chosen at random from the first interval; all subsequent units are selected by adding k repeatedly. The method is operationally simple, yields a spread-out sample, and often achieves lower variance than simple random sampling when the list has no harmful periodicity.