方法对比

	基于现场的分层抽样	基于现场的整群抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1934 (Neyman's stratified sampling theory); field applications throughout 20th century	1950s (theory); 1970s–1980s (field survey practice)
提出者	Jerzy Neyman (stratified sampling theory); applied broadly in field survey practice	William G. Cochran (theoretical foundations); WHO EPI programme (field application)
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	World Health Organization. (1991). Training for mid-level managers: The EPI coverage survey. WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10. World Health Organization.
别名	field stratified sampling, stratified field survey sampling, in-field stratified sampling, field survey stratification	field cluster sampling, in-field cluster sampling, area cluster sampling (field), field survey cluster design
相关	6	6
摘要	Field-based stratified sampling divides a geographically dispersed or heterogeneous target population into internally homogeneous subgroups (strata) defined by features observable in the field — such as land use type, habitat zone, administrative district, or community category — and then independently draws random samples from each stratum during on-site data collection. The approach combines the precision gains of stratification with the logistical realities of fieldwork, ensuring that every identifiable subgroup of the landscape or community is represented in the final data set.	Field-based cluster sampling is a probability sampling method in which naturally occurring geographic or administrative groups (clusters) are first randomly selected, and then data are collected in person from units within those clusters. It is the standard design for large-scale field surveys in public health, agriculture, education, and humanitarian response, where compiling a full population list is impractical but clusters such as villages, schools, or census tracts can be identified and physically accessed.