方法对比

	基于实地的滚雪球抽样	目的性抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1961 (foundational); field variant developed through 1970s–1980s ethnographic and hidden population research	Formalized ~1980–1990
提出者	Leo A. Goodman (snowball sampling); field adaptation through ethnographic and social network research traditions	Michael Quinn Patton (systematic articulation); roots in early qualitative inquiry
类型	Non-probability sampling technique	Non-probability sampling strategy
开创性文献	Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170.	Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803937796
别名	in-person snowball sampling, fieldwork chain-referral sampling, field snowball sampling, face-to-face referral sampling	judgmental sampling, selective sampling, criterion-based sampling, purposeful sampling
相关	3	4
摘要	Field-based snowball sampling is a non-probability chain-referral technique in which an initial set of in-person contacts (seeds) recruit further participants from within their real-world social networks, expanding the sample iteratively through face-to-face interaction in naturalistic field settings. It is the default snowball approach in ethnographic and community fieldwork, and is particularly valuable when the target population is hidden, hard-to-reach, or lacks a sampling frame.	Purposive sampling is a non-probability strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects participants, documents, or cases that are information-rich with respect to the research question. Rather than drawing units at random, the researcher applies explicit criteria aligned with the study's purpose, maximising the depth and relevance of the data collected. It is the default sampling logic in most qualitative research designs and is also used in mixed-methods and applied evaluative work.