方法对比

	基于场地的最大变异抽样	典型案例抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990 (Patton); field application established through ecological and ethnographic practice in the 1990s–2000s	1980s (systematized in Patton 1990/2002)
提出者	Michael Quinn Patton (maximum variation sampling); adapted for field research contexts	Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive qualitative/mixed-methods sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. [Maximum variation sampling discussed in Chapter 5] ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	field MVS, field-based purposeful maximum variation, maximum heterogeneity field sampling, diverse case field sampling	typical case selection, modal case sampling, representative case sampling, average case sampling
相关	6	5
摘要	Field-based maximum variation sampling is a purposive strategy in which a researcher deliberately selects field sites, ecological plots, communities, or observational units that span the widest possible range of relevant characteristics. By maximising heterogeneity among selected units, the approach ensures that both common patterns shared across diverse conditions and unique features specific to particular contexts are documented, making findings robust across a broad spectrum of real-world variation.	Typical case sampling is a purposive strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that represent what is ordinary, normal, or most common within a target group. Rather than seeking outliers or the widest possible variation, the goal is to illustrate and communicate what a typical experience, program, or phenomenon looks like to stakeholders or audiences unfamiliar with it. The strategy is widely used in qualitative evaluation research and program reporting.