方法对比

	基于现场的整群抽样	系统抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s (theory); 1970s–1980s (field survey practice)	Mid-20th century (Cochran 1953; Kish 1965)
提出者	William G. Cochran (theoretical foundations); WHO EPI programme (field application)	William G. Cochran; formalized in survey sampling theory
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	World Health Organization. (1991). Training for mid-level managers: The EPI coverage survey. WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10. World Health Organization.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	field cluster sampling, in-field cluster sampling, area cluster sampling (field), field survey cluster design	interval sampling, systematic random sampling, equal-interval sampling, fixed-interval sampling
相关	6	5
摘要	Field-based cluster sampling is a probability sampling method in which naturally occurring geographic or administrative groups (clusters) are first randomly selected, and then data are collected in person from units within those clusters. It is the standard design for large-scale field surveys in public health, agriculture, education, and humanitarian response, where compiling a full population list is impractical but clusters such as villages, schools, or census tracts can be identified and physically accessed.	Systematic sampling is a probability sampling technique in which every k-th element is selected from an ordered list of the population after a random starting point. With population size N and desired sample size n, the sampling interval k = N/n is computed and one unit is chosen at random from the first interval; all subsequent units are selected by adding k repeatedly. The method is operationally simple, yields a spread-out sample, and often achieves lower variance than simple random sampling when the list has no harmful periodicity.