方法对比

	基于现场的整群抽样	簇抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s (theory); 1970s–1980s (field survey practice)	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
提出者	William G. Cochran (theoretical foundations); WHO EPI programme (field application)	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
类型	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
开创性文献	World Health Organization. (1991). Training for mid-level managers: The EPI coverage survey. WHO/EPI/MLM/91.10. World Health Organization.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
别名	field cluster sampling, in-field cluster sampling, area cluster sampling (field), field survey cluster design	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
相关	6	5
摘要	Field-based cluster sampling is a probability sampling method in which naturally occurring geographic or administrative groups (clusters) are first randomly selected, and then data are collected in person from units within those clusters. It is the standard design for large-scale field surveys in public health, agriculture, education, and humanitarian response, where compiling a full population list is impractical but clusters such as villages, schools, or census tracts can be identified and physically accessed.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.