方法对比

	家庭评估量表 (FAD)	社会支持量表 (SPS)
领域	社会心理学	社会心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1983	1987
提出者	Norman Epstein, Deborah Baldwin, and David Bishop	Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell
类型	Self-report family assessment	Self-report social support assessment
开创性文献	Epstein, N. B., Baldwin, L. M., & Bishop, D. S. (1983). The McMaster Family Assessment Device. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 9(2), 171-180.	Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Advances in Personal Relationships, 1, 37-67.
别名	FAD, McMaster Family Assessment Device	SPS, Cutrona & Russell Social Provisions Scale, SPS-10
相关	3	2
摘要	The Family Assessment Device is a widely used self-report instrument designed to measure family functioning across six key domains derived from the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. Developed by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishop in 1983, the FAD assesses problem-solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavioral control in families. It is used extensively in family therapy research, clinical assessment of family dynamics, and as an outcome measure in family-based interventions for mental health, medical, and developmental conditions.	The Social Provisions Scale is a widely used multidimensional instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals perceive their social relationships as providing essential emotional and practical support. Developed by Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell in 1987, the SPS operationalizes the theory that healthy social support requires six provisions: attachment (emotional closeness), social integration (sense of belonging), reassurance of worth (feeling valued), reliable alliance (practical assistance), guidance (advice and direction), and opportunity for nurturance (ability to care for others). The SPS is used extensively in health psychology, gerontology, and stress and coping research.