方法对比

	析因随机对照试验	全因子实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)	1926 (Fisher's foundational paper); codified by the 1950s–1960s
提出者	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Experimental trial design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.	Box, G. E. P., Hunter, J. S., & Hunter, W. G. (2005). Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience. ISBN: 978-0471718130
别名	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization	full factorial design, complete factorial design, 2^k factorial design, FFD
相关	6	6
摘要	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.	A full factorial experiment runs every possible combination of all chosen factor levels, making it the gold standard for simultaneously estimating main effects, two-way interactions, and higher-order interactions among multiple independent variables. Introduced through Ronald Fisher's foundational work on factorial designs in the 1920s and systematised by Box, Hunter, and Montgomery, it provides complete information about how factors act individually and in combination on an outcome.