方法对比

	析因随机对照试验	析因实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)	1926–1935
提出者	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Experimental trial design	Quantitative experimental design
开创性文献	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
别名	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
相关	6	6
摘要	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.