方法对比

	析因前测后测实验设计	前测-后测实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1963 (canonical formalization)	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
提出者	Codified by Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
类型	True experimental design	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
开创性文献	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
别名	factorial pre-post design, factorial repeated-measures pretest-posttest design, multi-factor pretest-posttest design, FPPD	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
相关	6	5
摘要	A factorial pretest-posttest experimental design combines the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables (factors) with measurement of the dependent variable both before and after treatment. This structure allows researchers to assess the main effect of each factor, all possible interaction effects between factors, and the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest — all within a single, fully randomised experiment.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.