方法对比

	因子田间试验	现场实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1920s–1935 (Fisher's foundational work); widely applied through 20th century	1920s–1930s (agriculture); 1990s–2000s (social sciences)
提出者	Ronald A. Fisher (factorial principle); extended to field settings in agricultural and social sciences	Formalized by R. A. Fisher (1935); systematized in social sciences by Harrison & List (2004)
类型	Experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.	Harrison, G. W., & List, J. A. (2004). Field experiments. Journal of Economic Literature, 42(4), 1009–1055.
别名	factorial design in the field, field factorial design, multi-factor field trial, factorial field trial	field trial, natural field experiment, randomized field experiment, field RCT
相关	5	5
摘要	A factorial field experiment applies factorial experimental design — simultaneously manipulating two or more independent factors across all combinations of their levels — in a real-world field setting rather than a controlled laboratory. It allows researchers to estimate both main effects and interaction effects of multiple factors on an outcome under ecologically valid conditions, making findings directly relevant to practice.	A field experiment applies the logic of a randomized controlled trial in a naturally occurring, real-world environment rather than an artificial laboratory. Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions while going about everyday activities, allowing researchers to estimate causal effects with high internal validity while preserving a level of ecological realism that laboratory settings cannot offer. The design is especially prominent in economics, public health, political science, and development research.