方法对比

	阶乘对照组实验设计	析因随机对照试验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1926–1935	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)
提出者	Ronald A. Fisher	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)
类型	Experimental design	Experimental trial design
开创性文献	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.
别名	factorial controlled experiment, factorial design with control, factorial RCT with control arm, multi-factor controlled experiment	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization
相关	6	6
摘要	A factorial control group experimental design crosses two or more independent variables (factors) in a fully factorial structure while including at least one condition that serves as a no-treatment or standard-treatment control. This allows researchers to simultaneously estimate the main effect of each factor, their interactions, and the size of those effects relative to a meaningful baseline, maximising both causal precision and experimental efficiency.	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.