方法对比

	面对面半结构化访谈	深度访谈
领域	调查方法论	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1940s onward; widely codified in the 1980s–1990s	Mid-20th century (formalised in qualitative social research from the 1950s onward)
提出者	Rooted in sociological interview traditions; systematised by researchers including Robert Merton and Paul Lazarsfeld (focused interview, 1940s) and later elaborated by Steinar Kvale	Rooted in sociological interviewing traditions; systematised by researchers including Steinar Kvale and Herbert J. Rubin
类型	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198722519	Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803958203
别名	in-person semi-structured interview, semi-structured personal interview, guided face-to-face interview, FFSSI	IDI, semi-structured interview, unstructured interview, qualitative interview
相关	6	6
摘要	A face-to-face semi-structured interview is a qualitative data collection technique in which a researcher meets a participant in person and follows a prepared topic guide of open-ended questions while retaining the flexibility to probe, reorder, and explore emerging themes. It combines the consistency of a predetermined agenda with the depth and responsiveness of an open dialogue, making it one of the most widely used methods in qualitative and mixed-methods research across the social, health, and educational sciences.	The in-depth interview is a one-to-one qualitative data-collection method in which a researcher engages a participant in an extended, open-ended conversation to elicit rich, detailed accounts of experiences, perceptions, beliefs, or meanings. Unlike structured surveys, the interview guide serves as a flexible road map rather than a fixed script, allowing the researcher to probe unexpected directions as they emerge. The approach is foundational to qualitative inquiry and is used directly as a primary method or as the data-collection arm of phenomenology, grounded theory, narrative analysis, and other frameworks.