方法对比
并排查看您选择的方法；存在差异的行会高亮显示。
| 面对面德尔菲技术× | 焦点小组研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域≠ | 调查方法论 | 质性 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1950s–1963 | 1940s (sociological origin); modern applied form from the 1980s–1990s |
| 提出者≠ | Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation) | Robert K. Merton (sociological precursor, 1940s); popularised in applied research by Richard A. Krueger |
| 类型≠ | Structured expert-consensus method | Qualitative data collection method |
| 开创性文献≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Krueger, R.A. & Casey, M.A. (2014). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (5th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483365244 |
| 别名 | in-person Delphi, face-to-face Delphi, conventional Delphi, FtF Delphi | focus group discussion, FGD, group interview, Odak Grup Araştırması |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | The face-to-face Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method conducted through in-person sessions with a purposively selected panel of experts. Across multiple rounds, panelists independently respond to structured questionnaires, receive aggregated group feedback, and revise their judgments until acceptable consensus is reached. The face-to-face format adds direct interpersonal interaction while preserving the anonymity of individual ratings within each round. | Focus group research is a qualitative data-collection method in which a trained moderator guides structured discussions with homogeneous groups of six to ten participants to explore ideas, attitudes, and perceptions on a defined topic. Developed from sociological roots in the 1940s and systematised for applied research by Krueger and Casey, the method leverages group interaction as a data source — revealing not just what people think, but how they negotiate and articulate views in a social setting. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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