方法对比

	面对面德尔菲技术	德尔菲技术
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1950s–1963	1950s–1963
提出者	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)
类型	Structured expert-consensus method	Iterative expert consensus technique
开创性文献	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.
别名	in-person Delphi, face-to-face Delphi, conventional Delphi, FtF Delphi	Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel
相关	5	6
摘要	The face-to-face Delphi Technique is a structured, iterative consensus-building method conducted through in-person sessions with a purposively selected panel of experts. Across multiple rounds, panelists independently respond to structured questionnaires, receive aggregated group feedback, and revise their judgments until acceptable consensus is reached. The face-to-face format adds direct interpersonal interaction while preserving the anonymity of individual ratings within each round.	The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion.