方法对比
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| 解释性研究× | 因果比较研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究设计 | 研究设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1960s–1980s (codified in behavioral and social science methodology) | 1964 |
| 提出者≠ | Formalized by Earl Babbie and Fred Kerlinger among others | Fred N. Kerlinger |
| 类型 | Non-experimental quantitative research design | Non-experimental quantitative research design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030417559 | Kerlinger, F. N. (1964). Foundations of Behavioral Research. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. link ↗ |
| 别名 | analytical research, causal research, explanatory study, explanatory quantitative research | ex post facto research, causal-comparative design, retrospective causal study, CCR |
| 相关≠ | 5 | 3 |
| 摘要≠ | Explanatory research is a non-experimental quantitative research design that goes beyond describing a phenomenon to identifying why it occurs — examining the relationships or mechanisms that account for observed patterns. Rooted in positivist social science methodology, it uses theory-driven hypotheses and statistical analysis to test whether specific variables explain variation in an outcome, without necessarily manipulating those variables. | Causal-comparative research is a non-experimental quantitative design in which the researcher compares two or more groups that already differ on an independent variable — one that was not manipulated — to investigate possible causes or consequences of that difference. Because group membership is pre-existing rather than randomly assigned, the design can suggest causal relationships but cannot establish them with the certainty of a true experiment. It is widely used in education, psychology, and social sciences when experimental manipulation is impractical or unethical. |
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