方法对比

	Ethnoscience Taxonomy	Sentence-Frame Substitution Task
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1979	1988
提出者	Ethnoscience / new ethnography tradition (Spradley; Conklin; Frake)	Ethnoscience / cognitive anthropology tradition (Weller & Romney)
类型	Elicitation and analysis procedure for native folk classification systems	Frame-elicitation procedure for item-by-attribute presence/absence data
开创性文献	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 9780030444968	Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Qualitative Research Methods Series 10. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780803930742
别名	Folk Taxonomy, Ethnographic Semantics, New Ethnography Taxonomy, Folk Classification Analysis	Frame Elicitation, Substitution Frame Task, Frame Substitution Technique, Sentence Frame Method
相关	4	4
摘要	Ethnoscience taxonomy is the ethnoscientific, or 'new ethnography,' approach to recovering how a culture classifies its world by eliciting the native terms of a domain and the inclusion and contrast relations that link them. Through structured interview questions — especially 'Is X a kind of Y?' and 'What kinds of Y are there?' — the researcher discovers which categories nest under which and which categories stand opposed at the same level. Organizing these relations produces a folk-taxonomic tree: a hierarchy of native categories built from the informants' own words rather than from scientific classification imposed from outside.	The sentence-frame substitution task is a frame-elicitation technique in which the researcher builds a small set of sentence frames — templates such as 'Can you get X from Y?' or 'Is X a kind of Y?' — and asks informants to judge, for each item and each frame, whether the completed sentence is true or sensible. Each item is slotted into every frame in turn, and the yes/no verdicts are tallied into an item-by-attribute matrix. That binary matrix is the raw material for componential and ethnoscience analysis, which uncovers the features that distinguish the items of a cultural domain.