方法对比

	熵平衡	倾向得分匹配
领域	因果推断	研究统计学
方法族	Regression model	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2012	1983
提出者	Jens Hainmueller	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
类型	Covariate-balancing reweighting	Method
开创性文献	Hainmueller, J. (2012). Entropy balancing for causal effects: A multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies. Political Analysis, 20(1), 25-46.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
别名	EB, entropy reweighting, covariate balancing via entropy, Hainmueller balancing	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
相关	6	3
摘要	Entropy balancing is a preprocessing method for causal inference that assigns weights to control-group units so that the reweighted control sample matches the treatment group exactly on a chosen set of covariate moments (means, variances, skewness). Introduced by Hainmueller (2012), it replaces trial-and-error propensity-score trimming with a constrained maximum-entropy optimisation that achieves balance in a single step.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.