方法对比

	嵌入式定性优先混合设计	多层次混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2007 (first edition of Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research)	Late 1990s–2000s
提出者	Creswell & Plano Clark	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483358468	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
别名	qual-dominant embedded design, qualitative-primary embedded MMR, embedded QUAL+quan design, nested qualitative-priority design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
相关	5	5
摘要	The embedded qualitative-priority mixed design nests a secondary quantitative strand within a dominant qualitative inquiry. The qualitative strand drives the research logic, framing the questions, guiding data collection, and anchoring interpretation, while the quantitative component plays a supporting role — typically measuring outcomes, tracking context variables, or confirming patterns emerging from the qualitative core. The result is a rich, theoretically grounded account that remains rooted in participants' meanings while gaining empirical precision where needed.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.