方法对比

	嵌入式实用主义混合方法	实用主义混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s	Early 2000s (formalised); pragmatism as philosophy late 19th–early 20th century
提出者	Creswell & Plano Clark (embedded structure); Morgan & Tashakkori (pragmatic paradigm integration)	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (formalised); philosophical grounding in William James, John Dewey, Richard Rorty
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379
别名	embedded pragmatic MMR, pragmatic nested mixed methods, embedded pragmatist MMD, nested pragmatic mixed design	pragmatic MMR, pragmatism-guided mixed methods, pragmatic inquiry design, practical mixed methods
相关	5	6
摘要	Embedded pragmatic mixed methods is a mixed methods design in which one data strand (typically qualitative) is nested within a larger, dominant strand (typically quantitative), and the entire study is guided by a pragmatist philosophical stance — selecting methods for what works best to answer the research question rather than adhering to a fixed paradigmatic commitment. The nested strand enriches or contextualises the dominant strand without standing on its own.	Pragmatic mixed methods design is a research approach that selects and combines quantitative and qualitative methods based on what best answers the research question, rather than adhering to a single philosophical paradigm. Rooted in the philosophical tradition of pragmatism — associated with William James, John Dewey, and later Richard Rorty — it treats methodological fit and practical utility as the primary criteria for design decisions. The approach is endorsed by leading mixed methods scholars including Creswell and Plano Clark as the most common philosophical worldview underpinning mixed methods work.