方法对比

	EM-DAT Disaster Database Analysis	Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
领域	Disaster Studies	Disaster Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1988	2008
提出者	Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), UCLouvain	European Union, World Bank (GFDRR) & United Nations Development Group
类型	Database-driven descriptive and trend analysis of disaster occurrence and impact	Harmonized post-event assessment pipeline for damage, loss, and recovery needs
开创性文献	Delforge, D., Wathelet, V., Below, R., Lanfredi Sofia, C., Tonnelier, M., van Loenhout, J. A. F., & Speybroeck, N. (2025). EM-DAT: the Emergency Events Database. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 124, 105509.	GFDRR, European Union, United Nations Development Group (2013). Post-Disaster Needs Assessments Guidelines, Volume A. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, World Bank.
别名	EM-DAT Analysis, Emergency Events Database Analysis, Global Disaster Loss Data Analysis	PDNA, Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment, Post-Disaster Damage and Loss Assessment
相关	3	3
摘要	EM-DAT, the Emergency Events Database maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) at UCLouvain, is the most widely used global compilation of disaster occurrence and impact, and its analysis is a standard empirical method in disaster studies. The database records mass disasters from 1900 to the present according to explicit entry criteria, classifies each event by a natural or technological hazard taxonomy, and captures human and economic impacts — deaths, people affected, and damage. Analyzing EM-DAT means querying these records, adjusting economic losses for inflation and exposure, normalizing human impacts by population, and examining trends and patterns across hazard types, regions, and time. Because the data carry known inclusion thresholds and reporting biases, rigorous EM-DAT analysis is as much about understanding what the database can and cannot say as about the statistics themselves.	The Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) is a harmonized, government-led methodology for quantifying the effects of a disaster and costing a recovery program. Agreed in 2008 by the European Union, the World Bank (through GFDRR), and the United Nations Development Group, and codified in the PDNA Guidelines, it fuses two traditions: the ECLAC damage-and-loss accounting (DaLA), which values destroyed assets and the economic flows foregone during recovery, and a human-and-recovery-needs assessment, which captures impacts on people's lives, livelihoods, and access to services. Conducted sector by sector against a pre-disaster baseline, a PDNA produces a single consolidated picture of total disaster effects and feeds a costed Recovery Framework that increasingly embeds build-back-better resilience, giving governments and donors a common basis for mobilizing and prioritizing recovery resources.