方法对比
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| 酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA)× | 放射免疫分析 (RIA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 兽医科学 | 兽医科学 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1971 | 1959–1960 |
| 提出者≠ | Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann; independent parallel development by Anton Schuurs and Bauke van Weemen | Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative immunoassay | Quantitative immunological assay |
| 开创性文献≠ | Engvall, E., & Perlmann, P. (1971). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry, 8(9), 871–874. DOI ↗ | Yalow, R. S., & Berson, S. A. (1960). Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 39(7), 1157–1175. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | enzyme immunoassay, EIA, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, ELISA test | RIA, radioisotope immunoassay, isotope immunoassay, radioligand assay |
| 相关≠ | 2 | 1 |
| 摘要≠ | ELISA is a plate-based immunoassay technique that detects and quantifies proteins, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and other analytes in biological samples. Widely used in veterinary science, medicine, and food safety, it exploits the specificity of antibody–antigen binding coupled to an enzyme-driven colorimetric signal to deliver sensitive, reproducible measurements across large sample batches. | Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive, quantitative laboratory technique that measures the concentration of a specific antigen — such as a hormone, drug, or pathogen-derived protein — in a biological sample by exploiting competitive binding between a radiolabelled antigen and the sample antigen for a limited supply of specific antibody. Developed in the late 1950s, RIA is widely used in veterinary science, endocrinology, pharmacology, and clinical diagnostics. |
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